Author: bretrobe.online

  • Willard Carroll Smith

    Willard Carroll Smith II[3] (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor, rapper, and film producer. He has received multiple accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and four Grammy Awards. As of 2025, his films have grossed over $9.5 billion globally,[4] making him one of Hollywood’s most bankable stars.[5][6]

    Smith first gained recognition as part of a hip hop duo with DJ Jazzy Jeff, with whom he released five studio albums which contained five Billboard Hot 100-top 20 singles—”Parents Just Don’t Understand“, “A Nightmare on My Street“, “Summertime“, “Ring My Bell“, and “Boom! Shake the Room“—from 1985 to 1994. He released the solo albums Big Willie Style (1997), Willennium (1999), Born to Reign (2002), and Lost and Found (2005), which spawned the U.S. number-one singles “Gettin’ Jiggy wit It” and “Wild Wild West” (featuring Dru Hill and Kool Moe Dee). He has won four Grammy Awards for his recording career.[7]

    Smith began his acting career starring as a fictionalized version of himself on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990–1996), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1993 and 1994. He achieved wider fame as a leading man with the film franchises Bad Boys (1995–2024) Men in Black (1997–2012). After starring in the thrillers Independence Day (1996) and Enemy of the State (1998), he received Academy Award for Best Actor nominations for his portrayals of Muhammad Ali in Ali (2001) and Chris Gardner in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006). He also starred in commercially successful films such as I, Robot (2004), Shark Tale (2004), Hitch (2005), I Am Legend (2007), Hancock (2008), Seven Pounds (2008), Suicide Squad (2016), Aladdin (2019), and Spies in Disguise (2019).[8]

    For his portrayal of Richard Williams in the biographical sports drama King Richard (2021), Smith won the Academy Award for Best Actor.[9] At the 2022 ceremony, shortly before winning, Smith slapped and shouted at presenter Chris Rock after Rock made an unscripted derogatory joke[10] referencing Smith’s wife, Jada Pinkett Smith. The controversial event earned substantial media coverage and criticism, with Smith ultimately resigning from the Academy along with being banned from attending all their events for ten years.[11]

    Early life

    Willard Carroll Smith II was born on September 25, 1968, in Philadelphia, to Caroline (née Bright), a school board administrator, and Willard Carroll Smith Sr.,[12][13] a U.S. Air Force veteran[14] and refrigeration engineer. His mother graduated from Carnegie Mellon University.[15]

    He grew up in West Philadelphia’s Wynnefield neighborhood[16] and was raised Baptist.[17] He has an elder sister named Pamela and two younger siblings, twins Harry and Ellen.[16] He attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia,[18] and Overbrook High School.[19] His parents separated when he was 13[20] and divorced around the year 2000.[21]

    Smith began rapping at age 12. When his grandmother found a notebook of his lyrics, which he described as containing “all [his] little curse words”, she wrote him a note on a page in the book: “Dear Willard, truly intelligent people do not have to use words like this to express themselves. Please show the world that you’re as smart as we think you are”. Smith said that this influenced his decision not to use profanity in his music.[22]

    Career

    Further information: Will Smith filmographyWill Smith discography, and List of awards and nominations received by Will Smith

    1985–1992: DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince

    Smith at the Emmy Awards 1993

    Smith started as the MC of the hip-hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince, with his childhood friend Jeffrey “DJ Jazzy Jeff” Townes as turntablist and producer.[23] Townes and Smith were introduced to each other by chance in 1985, as Townes was performing at a house party only a few doors down from Smith’s residence, and he was missing his hype man. Smith decided to fill in. They both felt strong chemistry, and Townes was upset when his hype man finally made it to the party.[24]

    Soon after, the two decided to collaborate. Smith enlisted a friend to join as the beatboxer of the group, Clarence Holmes aka Ready Rock C, making them a trio. Philadelphia-based Word Records released their first single in 1986 when A&R man Paul Oakenfold[25] introduced them to Champion Records with their single “Girls Ain’t Nothing but Trouble“, a tale of funny misadventures that landed Smith and his former DJ and rap partner Mark Forrest (Lord Supreme) in trouble.[26] The song sampled the theme song of “I Dream of Jeannie“. Smith became known for light-hearted story-telling raps and capable, though profanity-free, “battle” rhymes. The single became a hit a month before Smith graduated from high school.[27]

    Based on this success, the duo were brought to the attention of Jive Records and Russell Simmons. The duo’s first album, Rock the House, which was first released on Word Up in 1986 debuted on Jive in March 1987. The group received the first Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance in 1989 for “Parents Just Don’t Understand” (1988), though their most successful single was “Summertime” (1991), which earned the group their second Grammy and peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. Smith and Townes are still friends and claim that they never split up, having made songs under Smith’s solo performer credit.[28]

    Smith spent money freely around 1988 and 1989 and underpaid his income taxes.[23] The Internal Revenue Service eventually assessed a $2.8 million tax debt against Smith, took many of his possessions, and garnished his income.[29] Smith was struggling financially in 1990 when the NBC television network signed him to a contract and built a sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, around him.[23] The show was successful and began his acting career. Smith set for himself the goal of becoming “the biggest movie star in the world”, studying box office successes‘ common characteristics.[20] In 1989, Smith was arrested in relation to an alleged assault on his record promoter, William Hendricks; the charges were later dismissed.[30]

    1993–1997: Solo music and film breakthrough

    Smith’s first major roles were in the drama Six Degrees of Separation (1993) and the action film Bad Boys (1995) in which he starred opposite Martin Lawrence. The latter film was commercially successful, grossing $141.4 million worldwide.[31] However, critical reception was generally mixed.[32] In 1996, Smith starred as part of an ensemble cast in Roland Emmerich‘s Independence Day. The film was a massive blockbuster, becoming the second highest-grossing film in history at the time and establishing Smith as a prime box office draw.[33]

    In the summer of 1997, he starred alongside Tommy Lee Jones in the hit Men in Black, playing Agent J. The film was released on July 2 by Columbia Pictures and grossed over $589.3 million worldwide against a $90 million budget, becoming the year’s third highest-grossing film, with an estimated 54,616,700 tickets sold in the U.S.[34] It received positive reviews, with critics praising its humor, and Jones’s and Smith’s performances.

    During the summer of 1997, Smith also began his solo music career with the release of “Men in Black“, the theme song for the film, which topped singles charts in several regions across the world, including the UK.[35] “Men in Black” (and second single “Just Cruisin’ ”) was later included on Smith’s debut solo album Big Willie Style, which reached the top ten of the U.S. Billboard 200 and was certified nine times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[36][37] The third single from the album, “Gettin’ Jiggy wit It“, became Smith’s first Billboard Hot 100 number one when it was released in 1998.[38]

    1998–2007: Leading man status

    Smith in 1999

    In 1998, Smith starred with Gene Hackman in Enemy of the State.[23] The following year, he turned down the role of Neo in The Matrix in favor of Wild Wild West (1999). Despite the disappointment of Wild Wild West, Smith said that he has no regrets about his decision, asserting that Keanu Reeves‘s performance as Neo was superior to what Smith himself would have achieved,[39] although in interviews subsequent to the release of Wild Wild West, he said that he “made a mistake on Wild Wild West. That could have been better”.[40]

    Smith’s second album was again supported by the release of a film theme song as the lead single: “Wild Wild West“, featuring Dru Hill and Kool Moe Dee, topped the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the RIAA.[37][38] The album, Willennium, reached number five on the Billboard 200 and was certified double platinum by the RIAA.[36][37] “Will 2K“, the second single from the album, reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100.[38] Before the end of 1999, a video album was released featuring Smith’s seven music videos released to date,[41] which reached number 25 on the UK Music Video Chart.[42] The same year, he was also featured on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air co-star Tatyana Ali‘s single “Boy You Knock Me Out“, which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and topped the UK R&B Singles Chart.[35][43]

    Smith portrayed heavyweight boxer Muhammad Ali in the 2001 biopic Ali. For his performance he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama.[44][45] In 2002, following a four-year musical hiatus, Smith returned with his third album Born to Reign, which reached number 13 on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA.[36][37] The album’s lead single was the theme song from Smith’s film Men in Black II, called “Black Suits Comin’ (Nod Ya Head)“, which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart.[35] Later in the year, Smith’s first compilation album Greatest Hits was released, featuring songs from his three solo albums and those produced with DJ Jazzy Jeff.[46]

    2003 saw Smith return for Bad Boys II, the sequel to the 1995 film Bad Boys; the film follows detectives Burnett and Lowrey investigating the flow of ecstasy into Miami. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, the film was a box-office success, grossing $270 million worldwide.[31] In the following year, he starred in the science fiction film I, Robot and the animated film Shark Tale; both films were box office successes despite mixed reviews. Smith’s latest album Lost and Found was released in 2005, peaking at number six on the Billboard 200.[36] Lead single “Switch” reached the top ten of both the Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart.[35][38] In 2005, Smith was entered into the Guinness Book of World Records for attending three premieres in a 24-hour time span.[47] Smith and his son Jaden played father and son in the 2006 biographical drama The Pursuit of Happyness. In the film, Smith portrays Chris Gardner. Smith first became interested in making a film about Gardner after seeing him on 20/20 and connected with him during production. The film, along with Smith’s performance, received praise.[48][49]

    Smith hosting the 2011 Walmart Shareholders Meeting

    On December 10, 2007, Smith was honored at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre on Hollywood Boulevard. Smith left an imprint of his hands and feet outside the theater in front of many fans.[50] Later that month, Smith starred in the film I Am Legend, released on December 14, 2007. Alongside marginally positive reviews,[51] its opening was the largest ever for a film released in the United States during December. Smith himself has said that he considers the film to be “aggressively unique”.[52] A reviewer said that the film’s commercial success “cemented [Smith’s] standing as the number one box office draw in Hollywood”.[53] On December 1, 2008, TV Guide reported that Smith was selected as one of America’s top ten most fascinating people of 2008 for a Barbara Walters ABC special that aired on December 4, 2008.[54]

    2008–2022: Career fluctuations and King Richard

    In 2008, Smith was reported to be developing a film entitled The Last Pharaoh, in which he would be starring as Taharqa.[55] Smith later starred in the superhero movie Hancock,[56] which grossed $227,946,274 in the United States and Canada and had a worldwide total of $624,386,746.[57] On August 19, 2011, it was announced that Smith returned to the studio with producer La Mar Edwards to work on his fifth studio album.[58]

    Smith again reprised his role as Agent J with Men in Black 3, which opened on May 25, 2012, his first major starring role in four years.[59][60] After the release of the film, Smith was content with ending his work with the franchise, saying, “I think three is enough for me. Three of anything is enough for me. We’ll look at it and we’ll consider it, but it feels like that it might be time to let someone else do that”.[61] Men in Black 3, released ten years after Men in Black II (2002), grossed over $624 million worldwide.[62][63] Unadjusted for inflation, it is the highest-grossing film in the series.[64] In 2013, Smith starred in After Earth with his son Jaden. The film was a disappointment at the domestic box office and was panned critically.[65] Calling the film “the most painful failure in my career”, Smith ended up taking a year and a half break as a result.[66]

    Smith and Suicide Squad co-star Margot Robbie in 2016

    Smith starred opposite Margot Robbie in the romance drama Focus, released on February 27, 2015.[67] He played Nicky Spurgeon, a veteran con artist who takes a young, attractive woman under his wing. Smith was set to star in the sci-fi thriller Brilliance, an adaptation of Marcus Sakey‘s novel of the same name scripted by Jurassic Park writer David Koepp, but he left the project to work on the Ridley Scott-produced sports drama Concussion.[68][69]

    In Concussion, Smith played Dr. Bennet Omalu of the Brain Injury Research Institute, the first to discover chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Smith reported he had doubts about the film early in the production, saying, “some of my happiest memories are of watching my son catch and throw a football. I didn’t want to be the guy who did a movie saying football could be dangerous”. These views subsided when he met Omalu, whose words about American ideals resonated with Smith.[70] Smith’s performance was praised for being “sensitive [and] understated”.[71]

    In 2016, Smith played Deadshot in the supervillain team-up action film Suicide Squad.[72] Smith’s participation in the film meant choosing it over a role in Independence Day: Resurgence, which he said would be like “clinging and clawing backwards”.[73] While Suicide Squad was a massive financial success, earning over $700 million at the box office, the film received negative reviews from critics. Christopher Orr, film critic from The Atlantic wrote that “the latest offering from the DC Comics superhero universe may be the most disastrous yet”.[74] Later that year, Smith starred in director David Frankel‘s drama Collateral Beauty, playing a New York advertising executive who succumbs to a deep depression after a personal tragedy.[75] Weeks after signing Smith onto the film, his father was diagnosed with cancer, from which he died in 2016.[76] As part of his role required him to read about religion and the afterlife, he was brought closer to the elder Smith, calling the experience “a beautiful way to prepare for a movie and an even more majestic way to say goodbye to my father”.[77] The film marked the lowest box office opening of Will Smith’s career.[78] The film also received near universal negative reviews from film critics.[79] Hollywood Reporter critic David Rooney criticized Smith’s performance writing as “the least interesting component in a madly overqualified cast”.[80]

    His film Bright was distributed via Netflix on December 22, 2017. An urban fantasy, it was the most expensive film for Netflix to date. Smith collaborated with his director from Suicide SquadDavid Ayer.[81] This would also be another critical disappointment for Smith, with critics panning the movie. Richard Roeper of The Chicago Sun-Times criticized the film and Smith’s performance writing, “By the time Will Smith barks [the line, “Dude, you can’t go through elf town!”] with 100 percent urgency and sincerity in the mindboggling mess that is “Bright,” it’s clear we are watching a truly terrible, mountainous pile of genre-blending garbage”.[82]

    Also in 2017, Smith released the song “Get Lit” a collaboration between him and his former group mate Jazzy Jeff,[83][84] and launched his own YouTube channel, which as of July 2019 has over 6 million subscribers and 294 million total views.[85] Smith performed the official song “Live It Up” alongside American singer Nicky Jam and Kosovar singer Era Istrefi at the closing ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Moscow, Russia.[86] That September, Smith appeared, alongside Bad Bunny, on the Marc Anthony song “Está Rico“.[87]

    Smith performed the soccer 2018 World Cup‘s official song “Live It Up“.

    Smith portrayed The Genie (originally voiced by Robin Williams) in the live-action adaptation of Disney’s Aladdin, directed by Guy Ritchie. He also participated in the soundtracks by recording singles: “Arabian Nights (2019)”, “Friend Like Me” and “Prince Ali”.[88] The film was released on May 24, 2019.[89] Aladdin grossed over $1 billion worldwide to become Smith’s highest-grossing film, surpassing Independence Day.[90] Smith was also featured on rapper Logic’s song “Don’t Be Afraid To Be Different” (2019), from his fifth studio album Confessions of a Dangerous Mind.[91]

    Smith appeared as an assassin who faces off against a younger clone of himself in Ang Lee‘s Gemini Man, released on October 11, 2019.[92] The film was a box office bomb and received negative reviews from critics. Variety‘s Peter DeBruge called the film “a high-concept misfire” and wrote: “In practice, it’s been a nearly impossible project to get made, passing through the hands of countless actors and falling through multiple times because the technology wasn’t there yet. At least, that’s been the excuse, although judging by the finished product, it was the script that never lived up to the promise of its premise”.[93]

    Later that year, Smith had his second starring role in an animated film, in Spies in Disguise, opposite Tom Holland. Smith voiced Lance Sterling, a spy who teams up with the nerdy inventor who creates his gadgets (Holland).[94] In 2020, he reteamed with Martin Lawrence for the third film in their franchise, Bad Boys for Life. In 2019, Smith and Keisuke Honda led a $46 million investment round in esports organization Gen.G.[95] In June 2020, it was announced that Smith would star in Emancipation, directed by Antoine Fuqua, in which he portrays Peter, a runaway slave, who outsmarts hunters and the Louisiana swamp on a journey to the Union Army.[96]

    Smith’s memoir Will, which was written with Mark Manson, the author of The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck, was published on November 9, 2021, and promoted with a tour.[97][98] The book is a journey of self-knowledge recalling childhood traumas, his relationship with his father, and his experiences with ayahuasca.[99][100] In the same year, he and his Westbrook Studios company signed a deal with National Geographic.[101]

    Smith portrayed Richard Williams, father and coach of tennis players Venus and Serena Williams, in the 2021 film King Richard. For his performance, he won the Academy Award for Best Actor,[102] Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role.[103]

    On February 7, 2022, National Geographic announced that Smith would star in a series titled Pole to Pole, which will stream on Disney+. The show will follow Smith and his film crew as they go on a 26,000-mile (42,000 km) trek from the South Pole to the North Pole, crossing all of Earth’s biomes and spending time in communities along the way.[104] Part of the filming took place during an expedition in the Ecuadorian Amazon which helped discover the northern green anaconda.[105]

    2022 Oscars incident

    Main article: Chris Rock–Will Smith slapping incident

    Further information: 94th Academy Awards

    During the 94th Academy Awards on March 27, 2022, Smith walked onstage and slapped presenter and comedian Chris Rock who had made a joke about his wife Jada Pinkett Smith‘s shaved head[106] with a reference to the main protagonist in the film G.I. Jane. Smith then returned to his seat and yelled at Rock, twice saying “Keep my wife’s name out your fucking mouth!”[107][108][109] Pinkett Smith had been diagnosed with alopecia areata in 2018 and would later shave her head due to the condition.[110][111] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) said that Smith was asked to leave the ceremony but he refused.[112] Later in the night, Smith was named Best Actor for King Richard and apologized to the Academy and the other nominees, but not to Rock, in his acceptance speech.[113][114][115] The live audience gave Smith two standing ovations. Smith remained at the ceremony until its conclusion and participated in the celebrations later that evening.[116] Following public backlash, Smith issued a formal apology via a public Instagram post.[117][118] ABC, AMPAS, and the Screen Actors Guild condemned Smith following the incident, prompting an investigation by the Academy’s Board of Governors.[119] Rock declined to press charges against Smith, according to the Los Angeles Police Department.[120] On April 1, 2022, Smith tendered his resignation from the Academy, writing in part:

    I deprived other nominees and winners of their opportunity to celebrate and be celebrated for their extraordinary work. I am heartbroken. I want to put the focus back on those who deserve attention for their achievements and allow the Academy to get back to the incredible work it does to support creativity and artistry in film. So, I am resigning from membership in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and will accept any further consequences the Board deems appropriate.

    The AMPAS President David Rubin accepted the resignation in an official statement but said they would continue their investigation.[121] Smith’s resignation means he is no longer able to vote on Oscar nominations as a member of the Academy.[122] Commentators have speculated that Smith’s resignation from the Academy and other related fallout from the slap would damage his “family brand”.[123]

    On April 8, 2022, the Academy announced its decision to ban Smith from future Oscars galas and associated events for 10 years.[124] Several film projects that Smith had been involved in were put on hold as a result of the controversy.[125] In a statement to CNN, Smith stated: “I accept and respect the Academy’s decision”.[126][127] Smith offered an on camera apology on July 29, saying he was “deeply remorseful” for his actions.[128]

    As a result of the incident, Netflix cancelled production on an action film that was set to star Smith titled Fast and Loose.[129][130] In December 2022, Emancipation was released to mixed reviews and was a commercial failure. Producer Todd Black partially attributed the failure to Smith’s involvement following the Oscar incident.[131]

    2023–present: Bad Boys: Ride or Die and return to music

    In 2023, it was announced that Smith would co-star in Bad Boys: Ride or Die, the fourth installment in the Bad Boys film series.[132] The film includes a comedic moment inspired by the Oscars incident.[133] Smith is set to co-star with Michael B. Jordan in a sequel to I Am Legend.[134][135] The film is in active development.[135] Additionally, Smith is attached to star in the science fiction films Brilliance and Resistor.[136][137] Smith was attached to star in crime thriller Sugar Bandits, but exited the project in September 2024 due to scheduling conflicts with another undisclosed project; he will remain involved as a producer.[138][139]

    In September 2023, it was reported by VIBE magazine that Joyner Lucas and Will Smith would be working together on a joint album.[140] On May 19, Smith confirmed new music coming in 2024 in an interview with ET[141] and that it is the most personal music he had ever done,[142] with Teddy Swims confirming he recorded music with Will for the upcoming project.[143]

    On June 27, 2024, Smith announced on his Instagram that his first solo single in nearly 20 years was coming out the following day, “You Can Make It“, saying “Through some of my darkest moments, music has always been there for me – to lift me and help me grow. It’s my humble wish that it can do the same for you and bring you all the joy and light you deserve”.[144] The song released at midnight that evening, featuring Fridayy and the Sunday Service Choir. On July 24, 2024, it was announced that Smith had signed a new distribution deal with SLANG, a newly formed independent label.[145] On July 26, 2024, Smith released another single “Work of Art”, featuring his son Jaden and Russ.[146][147] On December 12, Smith released another single, “TANTRUM”, with Joyner Lucas.

    In 2025, Smith announced his fifth studio album, Based on a True Story, with reports indicating that it would be released on March 28, 2025. The album consists of 14 tracks, including five previously released singles and nine new songs.[148][149]

    On March 23, 2025, Smith performed at the 2025 CONCACAF Nations League final at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, California.[150]

    Personal life

    Relationships and family

    Smith at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway with his family (left to right: son Jaden, wife Jada, Smith, daughter Willow)

    During the late-1980s, Smith confirmed he briefly dated Sandra Denton, better known as Pepa of the hip-hop group Salt-N-Pepa.[151]

    Smith married Sheree Zampino in 1992. Their son Willard Carroll “Trey” Smith III was born on November 11, 1992.[152] The two divorced in 1995. Trey appeared in his father’s music video for the 1998 single “Just the Two of Us“. He also acted in two episodes of the sitcom All of Us, and has appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and the David Blaine: Real or Magic TV special.[153]

    Smith married actress Jada Koren Pinkett on December 31, 1997.[154] They met when Pinkett auditioned for a role as Smith’s character’s girlfriend in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The pair produce films through their joint production company Overbrook Entertainment and Westbrook Inc.[155][156] Together they have two children: Jaden Christopher Syre Smith (born 1998), his co-star in The Pursuit of Happyness and After Earth; and Willow Camille Reign Smith (born 2000), who appeared as his daughter in I Am Legend.

    Smith and his wife Jada have expressed unconventional practices in their marriage, jokingly calling their commitment “bad marriage for life”.[157] Both he and Pinkett Smith have admitted to having extramarital relationships and believing in the freedom to pursue them. Smith has said he wanted a polyamorous relationship with actress Halle Berry and ballerina Misty Copeland but ultimately abandoned the idea after therapy.[158] In October 2023, Pinkett Smith stated that she and Smith had been separated since 2016, though they have no intention to divorce.[159]

    In 2018, Smith celebrated his 50th birthday by performing a bungee jump from a helicopter in the Grand Canyon.[160] Smith was insured by Lloyd’s of London for $200 million for the jump, which raised money for the charity Global Citizen.[161]

    Religious and political views

    Smith was raised in a Baptist household and attended a Baptist church and Catholic school. In a 2013 interview, he said he did not identify as religious.[162][163] In 2015, Smith said in an interview with The Christian Post that his Christian faith, which was instilled in him by his grandmother, helped him to accurately portray Bennet Omalu in Concussion, saying: “She was my spiritual teacher, she was that grandmother at the church, the one having the kids doing the Easter presentations and putting on the Christmas plays and her kids and grandkids had to be first. She was the most spiritually certain person that I had ever met in my entire life. Even to the point that when she was dying she was happy, like she was really excited about going to heaven”.[164] In 2018, Smith performed the Hindu rite of abhisheka of Shiva at HaridwarIndia. He also performed an arti of the holy river Ganga. He has said that he feels a deep connection to Hindu spirituality and Indian astrology.[165] Smith and his family also met and spent time with the Indian spiritual leader Sadhguru, stating that he enjoyed the heartfelt conversations between them.[166]

    Smith donated $4,600 to the 2008 presidential campaign of Democrat Barack Obama.[167] On December 11, 2009, Smith and his wife hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway, to celebrate Obama’s winning of the prize.[168] In 2012, Smith said he supported legalizing same-sex marriage.[169] In 2021, Smith announced that production of his upcoming film, Emancipation, was being pulled from the U.S. state of Georgia because of the recent passage of the Election Integrity Act of 2021, which critics viewed as a restrictive voting law, negatively impacting non-white voters. Smith and director Antoine Fuqua released a joint statement: “We cannot in good conscience provide economic support to a government that enacts regressive voting laws that are designed to restrict voter access”.[170][171]

    Public image and legacy

    Smith has often been noted for achieving groundbreaking success throughout his musical career, and with his work as an actor in television and film. He has been cited as one of the “greatest actors” of his generation by several publications.[172][173] Forbes referred to him as the “biggest movie star of the post-9/11 era”.[174] His transition from music to acting has influenced multiple rappers to also become actors, with him being cited as a pioneer for the rappers crossing over into acting by Complex.[175][176] In 2006, Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world;[177] in 2008, Esquire named him one of the 75 most influential people of the 21st century.[178]

    Music

    His work as a member of DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince made them the first rap act to win a Grammy Award, and the first to win an MTV Video Music Award for Best Rap Video, when the song “Parents Just Don’t Understand” won in the inaugural rap categories at both award show ceremonies.[10][179][180] XXL has referred to him as “one of the most important rappers of all time”.[181] As of 2013, his debut solo album Big Willie Style (1997) is among the best-selling rap albums of all time.[182]

    Television

    Smith launched his acting career by starring in the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; the show’s success is considered to be a watershed moment for Hip-Hop and Black television,[183][184] with many publications referring to it as one of the “Greatest Sitcoms of All Time”.[185][186] Professor Andrew Horton said, “Smith’s genre of comedy, popularized on the sitcom Fresh Prince of Bel-Air translated well into commercial box-office appeal. The Fresh Prince watered down and capitalized upon the then growing popularity of Hip Hop and almost anticipated its dominance on the American scene”.[187]

    Moreover, author Willie Tolliver noted, “What The Fresh Prince did accomplish was to put Smith and his character Will into an environment of affluence and possibility, thus changing the terms of his own Black identity. This social and cultural mobility is central to Smith’s racial significance, and this will become evident again and again; he moves the image of the Black male into unaccustomed spaces just as Smith himself was in the process of conquering Hollywood”.[188]

    Film

    After starring in his debut film Where the Day Takes You (1992), Smith quickly became one of Hollywood’s most successful and bankable stars.[189] He currently holds the record for the most consecutive $100-million-plus hits at the U.S. box office, with eight.[190] Smith starred as Daryl in the movie Bright (2017), which broke the record at the time for the most-viewed Netflix film ever for its first week,[191] and became the first major Hollywood film to skip theatrical release over streaming platform for simultaneous viewing by more than 100 million people worldwide.[192]

    For his role as Agent J in Men in Black 3 (2012), Smith earned the highest-paid movie role of all time, when he reportedly earned $100 million for his role in the film; furthermore his roles in the movies King Richard and Bright are also among the highest-paid roles of all time.[193][194] His film Emancipation (2022) was sold to Apple Studios for $120 million in June 2020, which made it the largest film festival acquisition deal in film history.[195] In 2022, Smith became the fifth black actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actor behind Sidney PoitierDenzel WashingtonJamie Foxx, and Forest Whitaker.[102]

    Acting credits and accolades

    Main articles: Will Smith filmography and List of awards and nominations received by Will Smith

    Smith has received multiple awards throughout his career, including an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Richard Williams, the prolific father and coach to championship tennis players Venus and Serena Williams, in the biopic King Richard (2021)—a role that also won him a Golden Globe AwardBAFTA Award and Screen Actors Guild Award in the same category; he also received a producer nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Prior to this award, he had been nominated several times for the Academy Award (2; for Ali and The Pursuit of Happyness), the Golden Globe Award (5; for The Fresh Prince of Bel-AirAliThe Pursuit of Happyness and Concussion), and the Screen Actors Guild Award (once for The Pursuit of Happyness). In 2005, he received the honorary César Award; that same year, he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Musical for Fela!; and in 2021, he was nominated as a producer of Cobra Kai for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series.

    Aside from acting and behind-the-scenes work on screen and stage, Smith has made ventures into hip hop with the release of several songs, four of which won him Grammy Awards—one for Best Rap Performance (for “Parents Just Don’t Understand“), one for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (for “Summertime“), and two for Best Rap Solo Performance (for “Men in Black” and “Gettin’ Jiggy wit It“); the former two of which he won as a member of the duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince. His EmmyGrammyOscar and Tony Award nominations make him one of few black actors to be nominated for all four major entertainment awards in the U.S.

    Discography

    Main articles: Will Smith discography and DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince discography

  • Doris Day

    Doris Day (born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff; April 3, 1922 – May 13, 2019) was an American actress and singer. She began her career as a big band singer in 1937, achieving commercial success in 1945 with two No. 1 recordings, “Sentimental Journey” and “My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time” with Les Brown and His Band of Renown. She left Brown to embark on a solo career and recorded more than 650 songs from 1947 to 1967.

    Day was one of the leading Hollywood film stars of the 1950s and 1960s. Her film career began with Romance on the High Seas (1948). She starred in films of many genres, including musicals, comedies, dramas and thrillers. She played the title role in Calamity Jane (1953) and starred in Alfred Hitchcock‘s The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) with James Stewart. She co-starred with Rock Hudson in three successful comedies, Pillow Talk (1959), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best ActressLover Come Back (1961) and Send Me No Flowers (1964). She also worked with James Garner on both Move Over, Darling (1963) and The Thrill of It All (1963) and starred alongside Clark GableCary GrantJames CagneyDavid NivenGinger RogersJack LemmonFrank SinatraKirk DouglasLauren Bacall, and Rod Taylor in various films. After ending her film career in 1968, she starred in her own television sitcom The Doris Day Show (1968–1973).

    In 1989, Day was awarded the Golden Globe and the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2008, she received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award as well as a Legend Award from the Society of Singers. In 2011, she was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association’s Career Achievement Award. In 2011, Day released her 29th studio album, My Heart, which contained new material and became a UK Top 10 album. As of 2020, she was one of eight recording artists to have been the top box-office earner in the United States four times.[1][2]

    Early life

    [edit]

    Childhood home in Cincinnati

    Day was born Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff[3] on April 3, 1922, in Cincinnati, Ohio,[4] the daughter of German-American[5][6][7] parents Alma Sophia (née Welz; 1895–1976) and William Joseph Kappelhoff (1892–1967). She was named after actress Doris Kenyon.[8] Her mother was a homemaker, and her father was a music teacher and choirmaster.[9][10] Her paternal grandfather Franz Joseph Wilhelm Kappelhoff immigrated to the United States in 1875 and settled within the large German community in Cincinnati.[6][11] For most of her life, Day stated that she was born in 1924, but on the occasion of her 95th birthday, the Associated Press found her birth certificate that showed a 1922 year of birth.[4]

    Day had two older brothers: Richard (1917–1919), who died before her birth, and Paul (1919–1957).[12] Her father’s infidelity caused her parents to separate in 1932 when she was 10.[2][13] She developed an early interest in dance, and in the mid-1930s formed a dance duo with Jerry Doherty that performed in nationwide competitions.[14] She had signed a contract with a casting company to be a dancer and she was preparing to move to Los Angeles to pursue this opportunity. Family friends that lived just north of Cincinnati, in Hamilton, Ohio planned a going away party for her but tragedy struck on her way to the party.[15] On October 13, 1937, while Day was riding with friends, their car collided with a freight train, and she broke her right leg, curtailing her prospects as a professional dancer.[16][17][18]

    Career

    [edit]

    Early career (1938–1947)

    [edit]

    Day and Bob Crosby (1940)

    While recovering from her car accident, Day sang along with the radio and discovered her singing talent. She later said: “During this long, boring period, I used to while away a lot of time listening to the radio, sometimes singing along with the likes of Benny GoodmanDuke EllingtonTommy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller. But the one radio voice I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and I’d sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words.”

    Day’s mother Alma arranged for Doris to receive singing lessons from Grace Raine.[19] After three lessons, Raine told Alma that Day had “tremendous potential” and gave her three lessons per week for the price of one. Years later, Day said that Raine had a greater effect on her singing style and career than had anyone else.[20]

    Day at the Aquarium Jazz Club, New York (1946)

    During the eight months when she was receiving singing lessons, Day secured her first professional jobs as a vocalist on the WLW radio program Carlin’s Carnival and in a local restaurant, Charlie Yee’s Shanghai Inn.[21] During her radio performances, she first caught the attention of Barney Rapp, who was seeking a female vocalist and asked her to audition for the job. According to Rapp, he had auditioned about 200 other singers.[22]

    In 1939, Rapp suggested the stage name Doris Day[23] because the Kappelhoff surname was too long for marquees and he admired her rendition of the song “Day After Day”.[24] After working with Rapp, Day worked with bandleaders Jimmy James,[25] Bob Crosby[26] and Les Brown.[27] In 1941, Day appeared as a singer in three Soundies with the Les Brown band.[28]

    While working with Brown, Day recorded her first hit recording, “Sentimental Journey“, released in early 1945. It soon became an anthem for World War II servicemen.[29][30] The song continues to be associated with Day, and she rerecorded it on several occasions, including a version for her 1971 television special.[31] During 1945–46, Day (as vocalist with the Les Brown Band) had six other top ten hits on the Billboard chart: “My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time“, “‘Tain’t Me”, “Till the End of Time“, “You Won’t Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart)“, “The Whole World Is Singing My Song” and “I Got the Sun in the Mornin’”.[32] Les Brown said, “As a singer Doris belongs in the company of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra.”[3]

    Early film career (1948–1954)

    [edit]

    Gordon MacRae and Day in Starlift (1951)

    While singing with the Les Brown band and for nearly two years on Bob Hope‘s weekly radio program,[17] Day toured extensively across the United States.

    Her performance of the song “Embraceable You” impressed songwriter Jule Styne and his partner Sammy Cahn, and they recommended her for a role in Romance on the High Seas (1948). Day was cast for the role after auditioning for director Michael Curtiz.[33][34] She was shocked to receive the offer and admitted to Curtiz that she was a singer without acting experience but he appreciated her honesty and felt that “her freckles made her look like the All-American Girl.”[35]

    The film provided her with a No. 2 hit recording as a soloist, “It’s Magic“, which occurred two months after her first No. 1 hit “Love Somebody“, a duet with Buddy Clark.[36] Day recorded “Someone Like You” before the film My Dream Is Yours (1949), which featured the song.[37] In 1950, she collaborated as a singer with the polka musician Frankie Yankovic,[38][39] and the U.S. servicemen in Korea voted her their favorite star.

    Day continued to appear in light musicals such as On Moonlight Bay (1951), By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953) and Tea For Two (1950) for Warner Bros.[40][41]

    Day with Howard Keel in Calamity Jane (1953)

    Her most commercially successful film for Warner Bros. was I’ll See You in My Dreams (1951), a musical biography of lyricist Gus Kahn that broke box-office records of 20 years. It was Day’s fourth film directed by Curtiz.[42] She appeared as the title character in the comedic western-themed musical Calamity Jane (1953).[43] A song from the film, “Secret Love“, won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became Day’s fourth No. 1 hit single in the United States.[44]

    Between 1950 and 1953, the albums from six of her film musicals charted in the Top 10, including three that reached No. 1. After filming Lucky Me (1954) with Bob Cummings and Young at Heart (1955) with Frank Sinatra, Day elected to not renew her contract with Warner Brothers.[45]

    During this period, Day also had her own radio program, The Doris Day Show. It was broadcast on CBS in 1952–1953.[46]

    Breakthrough (1955–1958)

    [edit]

    Cameron Mitchell, Day and James Cagney in a publicity still for Love Me or Leave Me (1955)

    Primarily recognized as a musical-comedy actress, Day began to accept more dramatic roles in order to broaden her range. Her dramatic star turn as singer Ruth Etting in Love Me or Leave Me (1955), with top billing above James Cagney, received critical and commercial success, becoming Day’s greatest film success to that point.[47] Cagney said that she had “the ability to project the simple, direct statement of a simple, direct idea without cluttering it,” comparing her performance to that of Laurette Taylor in the Broadway production The Glass Menagerie (1945).[48] Day felt that it was her best film performance. The film’s producer Joe Pasternak said, “I was stunned that Doris did not get an Oscar nomination.”[49] The film’s soundtrack album became a No. 1 hit.[50][51]

    Day starred in Alfred Hitchcock‘s suspense film The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956 film) opposite James Stewart. She sang two songs in the film, “Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)“, which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song,[52] and “We’ll Love Again”. The film was Day’s 10th to reach the top 10 at the box office. She played the title role in the film noir thriller Julie (1956) with Louis Jourdan.[53]

    After three successive dramatic films, Day returned to her musical/comedic roots in The Pajama Game (1957) with John Raitt, based on the Broadway play of the same name.[54] She appeared in the Paramount comedy Teacher’s Pet (1958) alongside Clark Gable and Gig Young.[55] She costarred with Richard Widmark and Gig Young in the romantic comedy film The Tunnel of Love (1958)[56] and with Jack Lemmon in It Happened to Jane (1959).

    Billboard‘s annual nationwide poll of disc jockeys had ranked Day as the No. 1 female vocalist nine times in ten years (1949 through 1958), but her success and popularity as a singer was now being overshadowed by her box-office appeal.[57]

    Box-office success (1959–1968)

    [edit]

    In 1959, Day entered her most successful phase as a film actress with a series of romantic comedies[58][59] beginning with Pillow Talk (1959), costarring Rock Hudson, who became a lifelong friend, and Tony Randall. Day received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress,[60] her only career Oscar nomination.[61] Day, Hudson and Randall appeared in two more films together, Lover Come Back (1961) and Send Me No Flowers (1964).[62]

    Along with David Niven and Janis Paige, Day starred in Please Don’t Eat the Daisies (1960) and with Cary Grant in the comedy That Touch of Mink (1962).[63] During 1960 and the 1962-1964 period, she ranked No. 1 at the box office, the second woman to be No. 1 four times, an accomplishment equaled by no other actress except Shirley Temple.[64] She set a record that has yet to be matched by receiving seven consecutive Laurel Awards as the top female box-office star.[65]

    Day teamed with James Garner starting with The Thrill of It All, followed by Move Over, Darling (both 1963).[66] The film’s theme song “Move Over Darling“, cowritten by her son, reached No. 8 in the UK.[67] Between these comedic film appearances, Day costarred with Rex Harrison in the thriller Midnight Lace (1960), an update of the stage thriller Gaslight.[68]

    Day’s next film Do Not Disturb (1965) was popular with audiences, but her popularity soon waned. By the late 1960s, in the period of the emerging sexual revolution, some critics and comics dubbed Day “The World’s Oldest Virgin,”[69][70] and she slipped from the list of top box-office stars, last appearing in the top ten with the hit film The Glass Bottom Boat (1966). Among the roles that she declined was that of Mrs. Robinson in The Graduate, a role that eventually went to Anne Bancroft.[71] In her memoirs, Day said that she had rejected the part on moral grounds, finding the script “vulgar and offensive.”[72]

    Day starred in the Western film The Ballad of Josie in 1967. That same year, Day recorded The Love Album, although it was not released until 1994.[73] In 1968, she starred in the comedy film Where Were You When the Lights Went Out? about the Northeast blackout of November 9, 1965. Her final feature, the comedy With Six You Get Eggroll, was released in 1968.[74]

    From 1959 to 1970, Day received nine Laurel Award nominations (and won four times) for best female performance in eight comedies and one drama. From 1959 through 1969, she received six Golden Globe nominations for best female performance in three comedies, one drama (Midnight Lace), one musical (Jumbo) and her television series.[75]

    Bankruptcy and television career

    [edit]

    On the set of The Doris Day Show

    After her third husband Martin Melcher died on April 20, 1968, Day was shocked to discover that Melcher and his business partner and advisor Jerome Bernard Rosenthal had squandered her earnings, leaving her deeply in debt.[76] Rosenthal had been her attorney since 1949 when he had represented her in her uncontested divorce action against her second husband, saxophonist George W. Weidler. Day filed suit against Rosenthal in February 1969 and won a successful decision in 1974, but she did not receive compensation until a settlement was reached in 1979.[77]

    Day also learned to her displeasure that Melcher had committed her to a television series that became The Doris Day Show.

    It was awful. I was really, really not very well when Marty [Melcher] passed away, and the thought of going into TV was overpowering. But he’d signed me up for a series. And then my son Terry [Melcher] took me walking in Beverly Hills and explained that it wasn’t nearly the end of it. I had also been signed up for a bunch of TV specials, all without anyone ever asking me.

    — Doris Day, OK! magazine, 1996[78]

    Day hated the idea of performing on television but felt obligated to forge ahead with the series.[74] The first episode of The Doris Day Show aired on September 24, 1968,[79] and featured a rerecorded version of “Que Sera, Sera” as its theme song. Day persevered with the show, needing to work to repay her debts, but only after CBS ceded creative control to her and her son. The show enjoyed a successful five-year run,[80] although it may be best remembered for its abrupt season-to-season changes in casting and premise.[81]

    Day with John Denver on the TV special Doris Day Today
    (CBS, February 19, 1975)[82]

    After the end of the television show’s run in 1973, Day largely retired from acting but completed two television specials, The Doris Mary Anne Kappelhoff Special (1971)[83] and Doris Day Today (1975),[84] and she was a guest on various shows in the 1970s.

    In the 1985–86 season, Day hosted her own television talk show, Doris Day’s Best Friends, on the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN).[80][85] The network canceled the show after 26 episodes despite the worldwide publicity that it had received. One episode featured Rock Hudson, who was showing the first public symptoms of AIDS, including severe weight loss and fatigue. He died from the disease later that year.[86] Day later said, “He was very sick. But I just brushed that off and I came out and put my arms around him and said, ‘Am I glad to see you’.”[87]

    1980s and 1990s

    [edit]

    In October 1985, the Supreme Court of California rejected Rosenthal’s appeal of the multimillion-dollar judgment awarded to Day in her suit against him for legal malpractice and upheld the conclusions of a trial court and an appeals court[88] that Rosenthal had acted improperly.[89] In April 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court’s judgment. In June 1987, Rosenthal filed a $30 million lawsuit against lawyers who he claimed had cheated him out of millions of dollars in real-estate investments. He named Day as a codefendant, describing her as an “unwilling, involuntary plaintiff whose consent cannot be obtained.” Rosenthal claimed that much of the money that Day had lost was the result of the unwise advice of other attorneys who had suggested that she sell three hotels at a loss, as well as some oil leases in Kentucky and Ohio.[90] He claimed that he had made the investments under a long-term plan and did not intend to sell them until they appreciated in value. Two of the hotels sold in 1970 for about $7 million, and their estimated worth in 1986 was $50 million.[91]

    Terry Melcher stated that his father’s premature death saved Day from financial ruin. It was not known whether Martin Melcher had himself been duped by Rosenthal,[92] and Day stated publicly that she believed him to be innocent of any deliberate wrongdoing, stating that he “simply trusted the wrong person.”[93] According to author David Kaufman, Day’s former costar Louis Jourdan maintained that Day disliked her husband,[94] but Day’s public statements regarding Melcher appear to contradict that assertion.[95]

    Day was scheduled to present, along with Patrick Swayze and Marvin Hamlisch, the award for Best Original Score Oscar at the 61st Academy Awards in March 1989, but she suffered a deep leg cut from a sprinkler and was unable to attend.[96]

    Day was inducted into the Ohio Women’s Hall of Fame in 1981 and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for career achievement in 1989.[97] In 1994, Day’s Greatest Hits album entered the British charts.[73] Her cover of “Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps” was included in the soundtrack of the Australian film Strictly Ballroom.[98]

    2000s

    [edit]

    Day participated in celebrations of her birthday with an annual Doris Day music marathon.[99]

    She declined tribute offers from the American Film Institute and the Kennedy Center Honors because they both require that recipients attend in person. In 2004, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush for her achievements in the entertainment industry and for her work on behalf of animals.[100] President Bush stated:

    In the years since, she has kept her fans and shown the breadth of her talent in television and the movies. She starred on screen with leading men from Jimmy Stewart to Ronald Reagan, from Rock Hudson to James Garner. It was a good day for America when Doris Marianne von Kappelhoff (sic) of Evanston, Ohio decided to become an entertainer. It was a good day for our fellow creatures when she gave her good heart to the cause of animal welfare. Doris Day is one of the greats, and America will always love its sweetheart.[100]

    Columnist Liz Smith and film critic Rex Reed mounted vigorous campaigns to gather support for an Academy Honorary Award for Day.[101] According to The Hollywood Reporter, the academy had offered her the honorary Oscar multiple times, but she declined as she saw the film industry as a part of her past life.[102] Day received a Grammy for Lifetime Achievement in Music in 2008, albeit again in absentia.[103]

    Day received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards in 1998, 1999 and 2012 for her recordings of “Sentimental Journey”, “Secret Love” and “Que Sera, Sera”, respectively.[104] She was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007,[105] and in 2010 received the first Legend Award presented by the Society of Singers.[73]

    2010s

    [edit]

    At the age of 89, Day released My Heart in the United Kingdom on September 5, 2011, her first new album since the 1994 release of The Love Album, which had been recorded in 1967.[106] The album is a compilation of previously unreleased recordings produced by Day’s son Terry Melcher. Tracks include the 1970s Joe Cocker hit “You Are So Beautiful“, the Beach Boys‘ “Disney Girls” and jazz standards such as “My Buddy“, which Day originally sang in the film I’ll See You in My Dreams (1951).[107][108]

    In the U.S., the album reached No. 12 on Amazon‘s bestseller list and helped raise funds for the Doris Day Animal League.[109] Day became the oldest artist to score a UK Top 10 with an album featuring new material.[110]

    In January 2012, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association presented Day with a Lifetime Achievement Award.[111][112]

    In April 2014, Day made an unexpected public appearance to attend the annual Doris Day Animal Foundation benefit.[113]

    Clint Eastwood offered Day a role in a film that he was planning to direct in 2015,[114] but she eventually declined.[115]

    Day granted ABC a telephone interview on her birthday in 2016 that was accompanied by photos of her life and career.[116]

    Activism

    [edit]

    During the filming of The Man Who Knew Too Much, Day observed the mistreatment of animals in a marketplace scene and was inspired to act against animal abuse. She was so appalled at the conditions with which the animals used in filming were kept that she refused to work unless they received sufficient food and proper care. The production company erected feeding stations for the animals and fed them every day before Day would agree to return to work.

    In 1971, she cofounded Actors and Others for Animals and appeared in a series of newspaper advertisements denouncing the wearing of fur along with Mary Tyler MooreAngie Dickinson and Jayne Meadows.[117]

    In 1978, Day founded the Doris Day Pet Foundation, now the Doris Day Animal Foundation (DDAF).[118] An independent nonprofit 501(c)(3) grant-giving public charity, DDAF funds other nonprofit causes that promote animal welfare.[119]

    To complement the Doris Day Animal Foundation, Day formed the Doris Day Animal League (DDAL) in 1987, a national nonprofit citizens’ lobbying organization on behalf of animals.[120] Day actively lobbied the United States Congress in support of legislation designed to safeguard animal welfare on a number of occasions, and in 1995 she originated the annual World Spay Day.[121] The DDAL merged into the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) in 2006.[122]

    The Doris Day Horse Rescue and Adoption Center, which helps abused and neglected horses, opened in 2011 in Murchison, Texas on the grounds of an animal sanctuary started by Day’s late friend, author Cleveland Amory.[123] Day contributed $250,000 toward the founding of the center.[124]

    A posthumous auction of 1,100 of Day’s possessions in April 2020 generated $3 million for the Doris Day Animal Foundation.[125]

    Doris Day actively engaged in HIV/AIDS awareness for many years. Her commitment was primarily focused on raising awareness and fundraising for HIV/AIDS research. She co-organized several fundraising events for HIV/AIDS-related charities and provided financial contributions to research and support programs for individuals affected by the disease. In 2011, the Canadian magazine Gay Globe paid tribute to Doris Day by featuring her on the cover of their #79 edition.[126]

    Personal life

    [edit]

    Day’s only child was music producer and songwriter Terry Melcher, who had a hit in the 1960s with “Hey Little Cobra” under the name the Rip Chords before becoming a successful producer whose acts included the ByrdsPaul Revere & the Raiders and the Beach Boys. In the late 1960s, Melcher became acquainted with Charles Manson and nearly signed him to a record deal. In August 1969, the Tate murders, orchestrated by Manson, were committed at the Benedict Canyon house that Melcher had formerly occupied. Melcher died of melanoma in November 2004.[127]

    From the 1980s, Day owned a hotel in Carmel-by-the-Sea called the Cypress Inn,[128] an early pet–friendly hotel that was featured in Architectural Digest in 1999.[129]

    Marriages

    [edit]

    Day was married four times.[130] From April 1941 to February 1943, she was married to trombonist Al Jorden (1917–1967), whom she met in Barney Rapp’s band.[131] Jorden was violent, had schizophrenia, and died by suicide years after their divorce. When Day became pregnant and refused to have an abortion, he beat her in an attempt to force a miscarriage. Their son was born Terrence Paul Jorden in 1942, and he adopted the surname of Melcher when he was adopted by Day’s third husband.

    Her second marriage was to George William Weidler (1926–1989), a saxophonist and brother of actress Virginia Weidler, from March 30, 1946, to May 31, 1949.[131] Weidler and Day met again several years later during a brief reconciliation and he introduced her to Christian Science.[132]

    Day married American film producer Martin Melcher (1915–1968), who produced many of her films, on April 3, 1951, her 29th birthday, and the marriage lasted until he died in April 1968.[131] Melcher adopted Day’s son Terry.[133] As Day and Melcher were both Christian Scientists, she refused to visit a doctor for some time after experiencing symptoms that might have suggested cancer.[134] Following Melcher’s death, Day separated from the Church of Christ, Scientist and grew close to charismatic Protestants such as Kathryn Kuhlman, although she never lost interest in Christian Science teaching and practice.[135]

    Day’s fourth marriage was to Barry Comden (1935–2009) from April 14, 1976, until April 2, 1982.[136] He was the maître d’hôtel at one of Day’s favorite restaurants. He knew of her great love of dogs and endeared himself to her by giving her a bag of meat scraps and bones as she left the restaurant. He later complained that Day cared more for her “animal friends” than for him.[136]

    Later life

    [edit]

    After her retirement from films, Day lived in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. She had many pets and adopted stray animals.[137] She was a lifelong Republican.[138][139]

    In a rare interview with The Hollywood Reporter on April 4, 2019, the day after her 97th birthday, Day talked about her work on the Doris Day Animal Foundation, founded in 1978. Asked to name the favorite of her films, she answered with Calamity Jane: “I was such a tomboy growing up, and she was such a fun character to play. Of course, the music was wonderful, too—’Secret Love,’ especially, is such a beautiful song.”[140]

    To commemorate her birthday, Day’s fans gathered in late March each year for a three-day party in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. The event was also a fundraiser for her animal foundation. During the 2019 event, there was a special screening of her film Pillow Talk (1959) to celebrate its 60th anniversary. Speaking about the film, Day stated that she “had such fun working with my pal, Rock. We laughed our way through three films we made together and remained great friends. I miss him.”[140]

    Death

    [edit]

    Day died of pneumonia at her home in Carmel Valley, California, on May 13, 2019, at the age of 97. Her death was announced by the Doris Day Animal Foundation.[141][142][143] As requested by Day, the foundation announced that there would be no funeral services, grave marker or other public memorials.[144][145][146]

    Filmography

    [edit]

    Main article: Doris Day filmography

    Notable films

    [edit]

    Discography

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    Main article: Doris Day discography

    Studio albums

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